Gadolinium
Element density: 7.90 g/cm3
Electron configuration: [Xe]4f75d16s2
Oxidation states: +3
Edges
Explore electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) reference spectra, featuring major and minor edges used for elemental identification and chemical state analysis in materials research.
Major edges | |||
|---|---|---|---|
L3 | 7243 |
|
|
M4 | 1217 |  |  |
M5 | 1185 | | |
N4,5 | 141 |  | |
O2,3 | 20 | | |
Minor edges | |||
|---|---|---|---|
L1 | 8376 |
|
|
L2 | 7930 |
|
|
M1 | 1881 |
|  |
M2 | 1688 |  |  |
M3 | 1544 | | |
N1 | 376 |
| |
N2 | 289 | | |
N3 | 271 | | |
O1 | 36 |
|
|
Considerations
Sharp M4,5-edges allow for trace analysis.
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Related spectral data
Gd2O3 thin film (0 – 180 eV)
Material analyzed: Gd2O3
Related elements: Gadolinium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 180
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; 10 sweeps 16.67 ms dwell
Gd2O3 thin film (0 – 390 eV)
Material analyzed: Gd2O3
Related elements: Gadolinium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 390
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 4.91e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.73; gain change factor = 694; 21 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Gd2O3 thin film (940 – 1950 eV)
Material analyzed: Gd2O3
Related elements: Gadolinium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 940 – 1950
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; 15 sweeps 30 ms dwell
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