Europium
Element density: 5.24 g/cm3
Electron configuration: [Xe]4f76s2
Oxidation states: +2,3
Edges
Explore electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) reference spectra, featuring major and minor edges used for elemental identification and chemical state analysis in materials research.
Major edges | |||
|---|---|---|---|
L3 | 6977 |
|
|
M4 | 1161 |  |  |
M5 | 1131 | | < |
N4,5 | 133 |  | |
O2,3 | 22 | | |
Minor edges | |||
|---|---|---|---|
L1 | 8052 |
|
|
L2 | 7617 |
|
|
M1 | 1800 |
|  |
M2 | 1614 |  |  |
M3 | 1481 | | |
N1 | 360 |
| |
N2 | 284 | | |
N3 | 257 | | |
O1 | 32 |
|
|
Considerations
Sharp M4,5-edges allow for trace analysis.
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Related spectral data
Eu2O3 particles on holey C film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: Eu2O3
Related elements: Europium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 2.36e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.26; gain change factor = 792; 35 sweeps 10 ms dwell
