Lead
Element density: 11.34 g/cm3
Electron configuration: [Xe]4f145d106s26p2
Oxidation states: +2,4
Edges
Explore electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) reference spectra, featuring major and minor edges used for elemental identification and chemical state analysis in materials research.
Major edges | |||
|---|---|---|---|
L3 | 13035 |
|
|
M4 | 2586 |
|  |
M5 | 2484 |
| |
O4 | 22 |  | |
O5 | 19 | | |
Minor edges | |||
|---|---|---|---|
L1 | 15861 |
|
|
L2 | 15200 |
|
|
M1 | 3851 |
|
|
M2 | 3554 |
|  |
M3 | 3066 |
|  |
N1 | 894 |
|  |
N2 | 764 |
| |
N3 | 645 |
| |
N4 | 435 |
|  |
N5 | 413 |
| |
N6 | 143 |
|  |
N7 | 138 |
| |
O1 | 147 |
| |
O2 | 105 |  | |
O3 | 86 |  | |
Considerations
The M4,5-edge that shows both a strong cross-section and typically low background due to its high energy. To efficiently measure this edge, a large collection angle must be used. Some TEMs do not support high energy loss at short camera lengths due to cut off apertures in the column. Sudden drops in the power law background at high energy typically indicate cut off in the column.
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Related spectral data
Pb electropolished foil (0 – 180 eV)
Material analyzed: Pb
Related elements: Lead
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 180
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; slightly oxidized; 10 sweeps 16.67 ms dwell
Pb electropolished foil (0 – 3890 eV)
Material analyzed: Pb
Related elements: Lead
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 3890
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; slightly oxidized; zero-loss peak intensity = 5.17e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.21; gain change factor = 672; 70 sweeps 10 ms dwell; saturated zero-loss
Applications
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